Agri PDF

Long distance transport How does transport in plants take place? Long-distance transport involve xylem and pholem for water, minerals and foods are moved. Long distance transport food  diffusion is a slow process move for Short distance. Bulk or mass flow is different from diffusion. Mass flow or bulk flow. Movement of substance through the pressure difference. Movement of substance in bulk or mass form. Diffusion It is a slow process and dependent on concentration. Bulk flow can be achieved through Positive hydrostatic pressure gradient. Example garden hose. Negative hydrostatic pressure gradient example suction through a straw. Plant absorb water through. Water is absorbed  root hairs through two distinct pathways. Apoplast pathway Symplast pathway Apoplast pathway Movement of water from the adjacent cell wall. Except casparian strip of the endodermis in the roots. Feature of apoplastic pathway Water is moved through intercellular space Apoplast does not involve crossing the...

Transpiration Transpiration is a process in which loss of water in the form of vapour from aerial parts of plants. Loss of water vapour, exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occur in stomata pore. Loss of water from stomata and lenticular cell and cuticle. Type of transpiration Stomatal transpiration Cuticular transpiration Lenticular transpiration Stomatal transpiration Transpiration occurs through stomata. Stomata are present in leaf also present in delicate organ. Stomatal transpiration 50 to 90 % of total. Cuticular transpiration. Transpiration occurs through cuticle. It is thim wax layer. Present on epidermis. Mesophytes cuticle transpiration is goes to 40 to 50%. Lenticular transpiration transpiration occurs minute pores on body stem and epidermis of fruits. Foliar transformation. Total transpiration takes place through surface of leaves. Structure of stomata. Stomata are present on epidermal tissue of aerial part. Stomata surrounded by guard cells. Guard cells surrounded by sub...

Osmosis Diffusion of water across permeable or semipermeable membrane. Osmosis term given by Nollet. Characteristic of osmosis It is a type of diffusion. Response to driving force direction and rate of osmosis depend on pressure gradient and concentration gradient. At equilibrium two chamber same  water potential. Osmotic pressure Pressure develop in osmotically active solution. Osmotic pressure is denoted by π. Mathematical expression of osmotic pressure π=iCRT I ionization constant C concentration. R. Gas constant T  absolute temperature Osmotic pressure of pure water is taken to be 0 (zero). Osmotic pressure is measured by osmometer. Osmotic pressure of electrolyte is higher than non electrolyte. Experimental demonstration of osmosis. Taken solution of sucrose in water, taken in a funnel is separated from pure water  in a beaker through semi permeable membrane. Water move into the funnel and rising the level of solution in the funnel, continue till equillium. External ...

In plants substance are moved from one place to another palace is called transport. In plant  mineral, nutrients ,organic nutrients and plant growth regulators are transported. On the basis of distance traveled by substance, transport is two types Short distance  transport Long distance transport Short distance transport Short distance substance are moved by diffusion and cytoplasmic streaming. Diffusion is passive process Cytoplasmic streaming is active process. How water transport in plants ? Long distance transport long distance transport supported by the vascular system involve in xylem and phylum is called translocation. Substance involved in translocation is bulk flow or mass flow. Rooted plants, xylem involved in transport of water and minerals in unidirectional from root to stem. Organic materials and minerals nutrients are multi directional transport. Short distance transport Simple Diffusion Movement of substance from higher concentration region to lower concentrati...