Cockroach (Morphology, Anatomy) excretory system , circulatory system , and respiratory system

Cockroach (Morphology, Anatomy)

• Cockroach are brown or black body animals.
• Cockroach belong to phylum arthropoda.
• Cockroach are also bright yellow, red and green coloured are found in tropical region.
• Size of cockroach 1/4 inch to 3 inchs (0.6 - 7.6 )cm.
• Nocturnal omnivores.

• Live in damp palace
  

• Morphology
• Species of cockroach periplaneta Americana.
• Cockroach of body divisible into three regions head ,thorax and abdomen
• Entire body is covered by hard chitinous exoskeleton (brown in colour).
  
• Exoskeleton has hardened plates called Sclerites.
• Head is triangular in shape.
• Head is fusion of 6 segments and so great mobility on all direction.
• Antenna help in monitoring environment.
• Head bear mouth parts for biting and chewing.
• Mouth part consists of labium(lower lip),labrum(upper lip),a pair of mandibles and maxillae.
  
• Thorax consists of three parts prothorax ,mesothorax, and  metathorax.
• First pair of wings arise from mesothorax.
• Second pair of arise from metathorax.
• Four wings called tegmina(opaque dark and leathery).
  
• Hind wings are transparent, membranous ( used in flight)
• Abdomen in male and female consists of 10th segments.
•  In female the 7th sternum is boat shape.
  
• Male bear pair of short thread like anal styles which are absent in females.
•  In both sex 10th segment bear a pair of jointed filamentous structure called a Anal cerci.
  
• Anatomy
• Alimentary canal present in the body cavity.
• Body Cavity divided into three regions forget, midgut and hindgut.
• Mouth opens into sac like structure called crop (used for storing of food.)
  
• Crop is followed by gizzard.
• Teeth are present in gizzard 6 highly chitinous plates.
• Gizzard help in grinding of food particles.
• Foregut is lined by cuticle.
• 6-8 blind tubules called haptic(present at junction foregut and midgut), secret digestive juices.
  
• Excretory system.
• Malpighian tubules(100- 150) are present at junction of midgut and hindgut.
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• Malpighian tubules removal of excretory products from haemolymph.
• Blood vascular system of cockroach is an open type.
• Hemolymph is composed of colourless plasma and haemocytes.
  
  
• Respiratory system.
• respiratory system consists of network of trachea that opens in pairs of small holes called spiracle
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• Absorb nitrogen waste  product and convert into uric acid.
  
• Insect is called uricotellic
• Brain is represented by Supra - oesophageal ganglion.
• Eye consists of 2000 hexagonal ommatidia.
  
• Cockroach of vision is mosaic vision with more sensitivity but less resolution.
• Cockroach are dioecious.
• Mushroom shaped gland is present in the 6th - 7th Abdominal segment which function in accessory reproductive gland.
  
• Ootheca is a dark reddish to blackish brown capsule.
• Nymph grow by moulting about 13 times.
  
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